Fixed and Automated Systems
Some slopes are too steep, too exposed, or too dangerous for direct human intervention. This is where permanent systems come into play.
Among the most commonly used:
- Gazex: Fixed tubes installed at altitude and triggered remotely. A gas explosion creates a shock wave that releases the avalanche, without the use of conventional explosives.
- CATEX: A suspended cable system used to transport and position explosive charges above unstable slopes, which are then detonated remotely.
These systems allow for fast, repeatable, and safe interventions, even in poor weather conditions or outside ski area opening hours.
Helicopter Triggering
In certain specific cases, a PIDA may also include helicopter-assisted triggering.
This method involves dropping explosive charges from a helicopter, or detonating them remotely above very large or inaccessible areas.
Helicopter triggering is used:
- In high-mountain sectors,
- When ground access is impossible or too risky,
- Or to secure large areas in a very short amount of time.
This technique is strictly regulated, dependent on weather conditions, and authorized by the relevant authorities.
A Combination of Methods for Maximum Safety
There is no single way to carry out a PIDA, but rather a combination of solutions adapted to each situation.
The objective always remains the same: anticipate avalanche risk to protect people, infrastructure, and the ski area.